Epidemiology Study - Overview

Tuberculosis (TB) Study Objective:

To determine the prevalence and incidence of Tuberculosis (TB) among individuals in a defined population. This objective outlines the primary aim of the study, which is to establish the frequency of Tuberculosis (TB) within a specific age group and geographic area, while also seeking to understand potential factors contributing to its development. Moreover, the report is having geographic coverage including North America, Europe and rest of the world however customisation can be made in the geographic coverage.

Tuberculosis (TB) Study USP:

• This epidemiological study on Tuberculosis (TB) stands out due to its comprehensive approach in establishing precise prevalence rates, identifying novel risk factors, and exploring geographical variations in a diverse population.
• By integrating advanced imaging techniques with robust statistical analyses, the study aims to provide actionable insights to identify treatment opportunities, target population, and an overview on public health initiatives aimed at mitigating the impact of Tuberculosis (TB) related health problems.
• Through meticulous data collection and rigorous methodology, the study not only contributes to the scientific understanding of Tuberculosis (TB) but also serves as a foundation for future research events and healthcare policymaking in addressing this increasing Tuberculosis (TB) cases.

Tuberculosis (TB) related Study Overview:

The study Defines Tuberculosis (TB) as an advanced form of disease. The significance of studying Tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology is due to its increasing prevalence in different age populations.

Tuberculosis (TB) Study Design:

Population: The target population and the sampling method (e.g., random sampling from healthcare registries or population databases)

Data Collection: Detail methods for identifying Tuberculosis (TB) cases (e.g., clinical examination, imaging studies) and demographic data (age, sex, ethnicity).

Tuberculosis (TB) Epidemiological Parameters:

Prevalence: Prevalence rates considered per 1,000 or 10,000 population.

Incidence: Determine annual incidence rates per 1,000 person-years.

Risk Factors: Analyse associations between Tuberculosis (TB) and potential risk factors (e.g., age, smoking, genetics).

Geographical Variations: Compare prevalence or incidence rates across different regions or countries.

Tuberculosis (TB) study summary:

Tuberculosis (TB) study summarizes the prevalence, incidence, possible risk factors, and geographic variations of the Tuberculosis (TB) worldwide.

Tuberculosis (TB) Disease overview:

Tuberculosis (TB) is potentially serious infectious disease caused by bacterium Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. It primarily affects lungs (pulmonary Tb) but can also affect other parts of body (extrapulmonary TB). Mode of transmission is airborne, spread through droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks. Symptoms include persistent cough for more than 2 weeks, coughing up blood, chest pain, fatigue, fever, weight loss, loss of appetite.

As of 2023, tuberculosis (TB) remains major global health concern, world health organisation reports that approximately 10.8 million people worldwide fell ill with TB in 2023, with incidence rates of 134 cases per 100,000 population. In 2023, the majority of tuberculosis cases were reported in the WHO South-East Asia Region (45%), followed by the African Region (24%) and the Western Pacific Region (17%). Smaller proportions were observed in the Eastern Mediterranean (8.6%), the Americas (3.2%), and the European Region (2.1%).

Various treatment options available in the market include First-Line Therapies, Second-Line Therapies, Multidrug-Resistant Therapies, Extensively Drug-Resistant Therapies and certain drugs used in the treatment are as follows Quinolones, Rifamycins, Nitroimidazoles, Macrolides, Aminoglycosides. Key market players manufacturing therapeutics for the treatment of tuberculosis patients include Mylan, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Cipla, Merck Co, Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Abbott Laboratories, Lupin, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Alkermes, Novartis, Johnson Johnson, Sanofi, Otsuka Pharmaceutical.

May 2025, Serum Institute of India and Mylab have launched a point-of-care skin test called Cy-TB for detecting latent tuberculosis infections (LTBI). This test is priced 50–70% lower than existing alternatives, costing around ₹1,200–1,500, making it more accessible. It combines the simplicity of skin tests with the accuracy of interferon gamma release assays (IGRA), which are typically more expensive (₹3,000–6,000). The test has been included in India’s National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) via the Ni-kshay platform and is expected to play a key role in India’s goal to eliminate TB by 2025. The companies plan to supply the test to both the government and private sector and claim that no other company is likely to launch a similar product in the next 3–4 years due to the extensive clinical validation required.

Tuberculosis (TB) Demographic and Environmental Risk Factors:

Age and Sex:  according to WHO, In 2023, tuberculosis affected individuals across all age groups and sexes, but the burden was highest among adult men aged 15 years and older, accounting for an estimated 6.0 million cases—about 55% of the global total. Adult women in the same age group represented 33% of cases, with approximately 3.6 million infections. Children aged 0–14 years made up 12% of the total, with an estimated 1.25 million cases. The highest number of TB cases in most regions occurs among adults aged 25–54 years, particularly in the 25–34, 35–44, or 45–54 age groups. However, the WHO Western Pacific Region is an exception, where the largest number of cases is found in individuals aged 65 years and older. Newly diagnosed and reported cases were 75% of the estimated global TB cases identified in 2023. Varied incidence based on sex and age was: 76% for adult men, 80% for adult women, and only 55% for children. Alarmingly, among children under 5 years old, just 48% of TB cases were notified.

Ethnicity: According to the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) In 2023, a total of 1,697 non-Hispanic Black or African American individuals were reported with TB in the United States, representing 17.6% of all nationally reported TB cases. 40% of TB cases among U.S.-born individuals occurred in non-Hispanic Black population, with rate eight times higher than that among non-Hispanic whites. Additionally, the prevalence of latent TB infection (LTBI) among U.S.-born individuals has been significantly higher in non-Hispanic Blacks (5.7%) compared to Mexican Americans (2.5%) and non-Hispanic whites (1.1%).

Risk Factors causing Tuberculosis (TB): TB is leading cause of death among people with HIV; it weakens immune system making it easier for mycobacterium tuberculosis to cause the disease. Malnourished individuals are about 3 times more likely to develop TB, tobacco smoking, diabetes also triggers risk of developing TB, close contact with active TB patients, air pollution are some the major factors which can cause TB.

Tuberculosis (TB) Market Scope:

Drivers: Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection affecting mainly the lungs even though it can as well spread to other organs. It is one of the most serious public health problems to date. Records estimate that there are 10 million new cases and 1.5 million deaths a year being reported worldwide. The increase in the prevalence of this infection is one of the major drivers of the Tuberculosis Therapeutics Market Industry. Increased population, urbanization, poverty, malnutrition, and weakened immune systems factors are aiding to increase the occurrence of this infection.

Another factor driving the Tuberculosis Therapeutics Market Industry is the development of new and improved drugs. The treatment of tuberculosis by traditional methods is quite complex and may take time. Additionally, existing treatments may have adverse side effects. Therefore, there is a need for better treatment methods including more convenient and effective treatments. To meet the growing demand, many companies working in the pharmaceutical field invest heavily in research and development.

Government initiatives and funding play a crucial role in supporting the Tuberculosis Therapeutics Market Industry. Governments worldwide recognize the importance of combating TB and have implemented various programs and policies to improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

Restraints: High burden in low-income countries, Drug Resistance and complexity of the treatment, lack of awareness, diagnostic gaps, long treatment duration, regulatory barriers, are some of the risk factors which can contribute to hinder the growth of the market involved in manufacturing the therapeutics for the treatment of Tuberculosis (TB).