Epidemiology Study - Overview

Alzheimer's Disease Study Objective

To determine the prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's Disease among individuals in a defined population. This objective outlines the primary aim of the study, which is to establish the frequency of Alzheimer's Disease within a specific age group and geographic area, while also seeking to understand potential factors contributing to its development. Adjustments can be made based on the study's scope, available data, and specific research questions of interest.

Alzheimer's Disease Study USP:

• This epidemiological study on Alzheimer's Disease stands out due to its comprehensive approach in establishing precise prevalence rates, identifying novel risk factors, and exploring geographical variations in a diverse population.

• By integrating advanced imaging techniques with robust statistical analyses, the study aims to provide actionable insights to identify treatment opportunities, target population, and an overview on public health initiatives aimed at mitigating the impact of Alzheimer's Disease related problems.

• Through meticulous data collection and rigorous methodology, the study not only contributes to the scientific understanding of Alzheimer's Disease but also serves as a foundation for future research events and healthcare policymaking in addressing this increasingly prevalent health condition.

Alzheimer's Disease related Study Overview:

The study defines Alzheimer's Disease as an advanced form of health disease. The significance of studying Alzheimer's Disease epidemiology is due to its increasing prevalence in Alzheimer's populations.

Alzheimer's Disease Study Design:

Population: The target population the sampling method (e.g., random sampling from healthcare registries or population databases)

Data Collection: Detail methods for identifying Alzheimer's Disease (e.g., clinical examination, imaging studies) and demographic data (age, sex, ethnicity).

Alzheimer's Disease Epidemiological Parameters

• Prevalence: Prevalence rates considered per 1,000 or 10,000 population.

• Incidence: Determine annual incidence rates per 1,000 person-years.

• Risk Factors: Analyze associations between Alzheimer's Disease and potential risk factors

• Geographical Variations: Compare prevalence or incidence rates across different regions or countries.

Alzheimer's Disease Study Summary:

Alzheimer's Disease study summarizes the prevalence, incidence, possible risk factors, and geographic variations of the Alzheimer's Disease worldwide.

Alzheimer's Disease Overview:

Alzheimer's is a neurodegenrative disease and most prevalent type of dimensia, affecting behavioral and cognitive functions. It is caused due to nerve cells damage in brain in the part responsible for memory, language and thinking, walking, attension, judgement, and resoning. The first symptoms tend to be memory, language and thinking problems.

AD is of two types late onset AD (LOAD), disease occuring after age of 65 and early onset of AD (EOAD), disease occuring before 65 years age. EOAD is rare, only about 5% suffer with it, moreover it lacks typical symptoms, and often its diagnosis is delayed, causing even more aggressive disease complications.

Furthermore the AD is classified into different stages depending on level of affect to the cognitive functions and disability in patient including, preclinical or presymptomatic stage, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia stage. The last stage dimensia is further segmented into mild, moderate and severe stages.

According to NIH article, around 6.24 million Americans are suffering with Alzheimer's disease and prevalance is estimated to increase by double rate to 13.85 by 2060. In 2022 according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data, AD accounts seventh rank as a leading cause of death in the United States.

Two types of drugs used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease include, cholinesterase inhibitors and partial N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists. Key market players in the development of the therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease are as follows; Eli Lilly and Company, TauRx (Republic of Singapore), Alector LLC, Accera, Inc., Treventis Corporation, Neuro-Bio Ltd, Cognition Therapeutics Inc, Hoffmann-La Roche, Novartis AG, Merck & Co., Pfizer Inc., Allergan PLC and Daiichi Sankyo Co.

This review discusses key aspects of the prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease, it also examines factors known to modify risk, including demographic and environmental influences. Understanding the global epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease is essential for effective prevention and management strategies for affected patients.

Alzheimer's Disease Demographic and Environmental Risk Factors:

Age and sex: After the age 65, incidence of Alzheimer's is doubled in every 5 years. Incidence rates as per age specificity increase with less than 1 % per year before 65 years to 6 % every yearafter 85 years age. Incidence rates are higher in women after 85 years age. In 2024, According to a population-based study of chronic health conditions of older people by U.S. Census Bureau and the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP), 6.9 million Americans aged 65 and more have Alzheimer's dementia, which include 73% of aged 75 or more patients. In America women suffering from Alzheimer's are 2/3^rd of americans with Alzheimer's. Out of 6.9 million people of age 65 and more with Alzheimer's dimentia in US 4.2 million are women and 2,7 million are men, which accounts for 11% women and 9% men aged 65 and more.

Ethnicity: Non hispanic black and hispanic old adults are having more chances of Alzheimer's than white old adults in US. According to CHAP data, 19% of black and 14% hispanic adults at age 65 and more have Alzheimer's demensia in comparision with 10% of white old adults. Other prevalence studies shows that black old adults have double chances to have alzeimers compared to white old adults. Hispanic peoples population comprise different groups, having varying cultural histories and health conditions, and there is a evidence which shows prevalence can differ from one specific hispanic ethnic group to other (for example, Mexican Americans compared with Caribbean Americans).

Risk Factors causing Alzheimer's Disease: Multifactorial disease Alzheimer's is associated with many risk factors and which includes; primary contributor- advancing age, cardiovascular disease (CVD) these two being significant risk factors and apart from them obesity and diabetes also are considered to be important risk factors contributing to Alzheimer's disease as obesity can affect glucose tolerance and increase risk of type 2 diabetes and chronic hyperglycemia can cause congnitive impairment, by accumulation of beta amyloid and causing neuroinflammation.

Other risks having potential to cause Alzheimer's are as follows; traumatic head injury, cerebrovascular disease, higher parental age at birth, smoking, family history of dimensia, increased levels of homocysteine. People having first degree AD affected relative, have risk of 10 to 30% of developing AD. And people having more than 2 siblings with LOAD has thrice higher risk of developing AD compared to general population.

Alzheimer's Disease Drugs Market Scope

Driver: Growing chronic diseases like dementia, investments in biomarkers for drug development, pipeline drug development, an increase in treatment options, and sophisticated diagnostic methods for early disease detection are the main factors propelling the market for Alzheimer's disease diagnostics. The World Alzheimer Report estimates that 50 million individuals will have dementia and Alzheimer's disease worldwide in 2022. And it is projected that this number would increase to 152 million by 2050. In addition, the world's ageing population is a major driver of the Alzheimer's disease diagnostic market growth in the coming years.

A rapid growth in the population of elderly people is being brought on by an increase in chronic diseases like dementia as well as an increase in life expectancy. In order to find the primary treatment for the condition, the government efforts, medical, and academic institutions are investing a significant amount in research and development. The market for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease is expected to grow during the projected period as a result of an increase in the number of clinical studies and pathological investigations with research and development.

The increasing usage of biomarkers in Alzheimer's diagnosis and medication development as well as the rising prevalence of Alzheimer's disease globally are the main drivers propelling the expansion of the market for diagnostics for the disease. For instance, a WHO report from September 2022 indicated that over 55 million people worldwide are living with dementia and that there are roughly 10 million new cases diagnosed each year. According to the WHO, Alzheimer's disease causes 60–70% of all instances of dementia, making it the most common kind.