TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 13
1.1 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET, BY TYPE 15
1.2 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET, BY CURRENT TYPE 16
1.3 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET, BY END-USER 17
1.4 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET, BY APPLICATION 18
1.5 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET, BY REGION 19
2 MARKET INTRODUCTION 20
2.1 DEFINITION 20
2.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 20
2.3 MARKET STRUCTURE 21
2.4 KEY BUYING CRITERIA 22
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 23
3.1 RESEARCH PROCESS 23
3.2 PRIMARY RESEARCH 24
3.3 SECONDARY RESEARCH 25
3.4 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 26
3.5 TOP DOWN & BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 26
3.6 FORECAST MODEL 27
3.7 LIST OF ASSUMPTIONS 28
4 MARKET DYNAMICS 29
4.1 INTRODUCTION 29
4.2 DRIVERS 30
4.2.1 INCREASING POPULARITY OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES 30
4.2.2 LIMITED ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE 30
4.2.3 DRIVERS IMPACT ANALYSIS 31
4.3 RESTRAINTS 31
4.3.1 AVAILABILITY OF PUBLIC CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE 31
4.3.2 HIGH COST OF PORTABLE EV CHARGERS 32
4.3.3 RESTRAINTS IMPACT ANALYSIS 32
4.4 OPPORTUNITIES 33
4.4.1 DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED CHARGING TECHNOLOGIES 33
4.5 IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON GLOBAL ECONOMY 33
4.6 IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET 33
4.7 SUPPLY CHAIN IMPACT 34
4.7.1 IMPACT ON DISTRIBUTION/LOGISTICS 34
5 MARKET FACTOR ANALYSIS 35
5.1 SUPPLY/VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 35
5.1.1 RAW MATERIAL OUTSOURCING 36
5.1.2 MANUFACTURING 36
5.1.3 DISTRIBUTION 36
5.1.4 END-USERS 36
5.2 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL 37
5.2.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 38
5.2.2 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 38
5.2.3 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 38
5.2.4 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 38
5.2.5 INTENSITY OF RIVALRY 38
6 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET, BY TYPE 39
6.1 OVERVIEW 39
6.2 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE, MARKET ESTIMATES & FORECAST
BY TYPE, 2018-2032 40
6.2.1 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE: MARKET ESTIMATES & FORECAST
BY TYPE, 2018-2032 40
7 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET, BY CURRENT TYPE 41
7.1 OVERVIEW 41
7.2 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE, MARKET ESTIMATES & FORECAST
BY CURRENT TYPE, 2018-2032 42
7.2.1 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE: MARKET ESTIMATES & FORECAST
BY CURRENT TYPE, 2018-2032 42
8 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET, BY END-USER 43
8.1 OVERVIEW 43
8.2 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE, MARKET ESTIMATES & FORECAST
BY END-USER, 2018-2032 44
8.2.1 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE: MARKET ESTIMATES & FORECAST
BY END-USER, 2018-2032 44
9 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET, BY APPLICATION 45
9.1 OVERVIEW 45
9.2 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE, MARKET ESTIMATES & FORECAST
BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 46
9.2.1 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE: MARKET ESTIMATES & FORECAST
BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 46
10 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET, BY REGION 47
10.1 OVERVIEW 47
10.2 NORTH AMERICA 49
10.3 EUROPE 52
10.4 ASIA PACIFIC 55
10.5 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 58
10.6 SOUTH AMERICA 61
11 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 64
11.1 COMPETITIVE OVERVIEW 64
11.2 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING 65
11.3 MAJOR PLAYERS IN THE GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET 66
11.4 LEADING PLAYERS IN TERMS OF THE NUMBER OF DEVELOPMENTS IN THE GLOBAL PORTABLE
ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET 67
11.5 KEY DEVELOPMENTS & GROWTH STRATEGIES 67
11.5.1 CONTRACTS AND AGREEMENTS 67
11.5.2 PRODUCT LAUNCH/PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT/APPROVAL 68
12 COMPANY PROFILES 69
12.1 ECOFLOW UK 69
12.1.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 69
12.1.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 69
12.1.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 69
12.1.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 70
12.1.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 70
12.1.6 KEY STRATEGIES 70
12.2 POWER SONIC CORPORATION 71
12.2.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 71
12.2.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 71
12.2.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 71
12.2.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 71
12.2.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 72
12.2.6 KEY STRATEGIES 72
12.3 BLINK CHARGING CO. 73
12.3.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 73
12.3.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 74
12.3.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 74
12.3.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 75
12.3.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 75
12.3.6 KEY STRATEGIES 75
12.4 HELIOX ENERGY 76
12.4.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 76
12.4.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 76
12.4.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 76
12.4.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 76
12.4.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 77
12.4.6 KEY STRATEGIES 77
12.5 SHENZHEN SETEC POWER CO 78
12.5.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 78
12.5.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 78
12.5.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 78
12.5.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 78
12.5.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 79
12.5.6 KEY STRATEGIES 79
12.6 GUANGZHOU ELECTWAY TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD 80
12.6.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 80
12.6.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 80
12.6.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 80
12.6.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 80
12.6.5 SWOT ANALYSIS 81
12.6.6 KEY STRATEGIES 81
12.7 JTM POWER LIMITED 82
12.7.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 82
12.7.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 82
12.7.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 82
12.7.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 82
12.8 ZIPCHARGE LIMITED 83
12.8.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 83
12.8.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 83
12.8.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 83
12.8.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 83
12.9 EVTEQ MOBILITY PRIVATE LIMITED 84
12.9.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 84
12.9.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 84
12.9.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 84
12.9.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 84
12.10 SPARKCHARGE 85
12.10.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 85
12.10.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 85
12.10.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 85
12.10.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 85
12.11 FREEWIRE TECHNOLOGIES, INC 86
12.11.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 86
12.11.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 86
12.11.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 86
12.11.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 86
12.12 EV ADEPT 87
12.12.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 87
12.12.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 87
12.12.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 87
12.12.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 87
12.13 BESEN INTERNATIONAL GROUP CO., LTD 88
12.13.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 88
12.13.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 88
12.13.3 PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 88
12.13.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 88
12.14 SHELL PLC 89
12.14.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 89
12.14.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 90
12.14.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 90
12.14.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 90
12.15 LECTRON EV 91
12.15.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 91
12.15.2 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW 91
12.15.3 PRODUCTS OFFERED 91
12.15.4 KEY DEVELOPMENTS 91
13 APPENDIX 92
13.1 REFERENCES 92
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 LIST OF ASSUMPTIONS 28
TABLE 2 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY TYPE, 2018-2032
(USD MILLION) 40
TABLE 3 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY CURRENT TYPE, 2018-2032
(USD MILLION) 42
TABLE 4 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY END-USER, 2018-2032
(USD MILLION) 44
TABLE 5 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032
(USD MILLION) 46
TABLE 6 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION) 48
TABLE 7 NORTH AMERICA: PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION) 50
TABLE 8 NORTH AMERICA PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY TYPE, 2018-2032
(USD MILLION) 50
TABLE 9 NORTH AMERICA PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY CURRENT TYPE,
2018-2032 (USD MILLION) 50
TABLE 10 NORTH AMERICA PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY END-USER,
2018-2032 (USD MILLION) 51
TABLE 11 NORTH AMERICA PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY APPLICATION,
2018-2032 (USD MILLION) 51
TABLE 12 EUROPE: PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION) 53
TABLE 13 EUROPE PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY TYPE, 2018-2032
(USD MILLION) 53
TABLE 14 EUROPE PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY CURRENT TYPE,
2018-2032 (USD MILLION) 53
TABLE 15 EUROPE PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY END-USER, 2018-2032
(USD MILLION) 54
TABLE 16 EUROPE PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032
(USD MILLION) 54
TABLE 17 ASIA PACIFIC: PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION) 56
TABLE 18 ASIA PACIFIC PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY TYPE, 2018-2032
(USD MILLION) 56
TABLE 19 ASIA PACIFIC PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY CURRENT TYPE,
2018-2032 (USD MILLION) 56
TABLE 20 ASIA PACIFIC PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY END-USER, 2018-2032
(USD MILLION) 57
TABLE 21 ASIA PACIFIC PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY APPLICATION,
2018-2032 (USD MILLION) 57
TABLE 22 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION) 59
TABLE 23 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY TYPE,
2018-2032 (USD MILLION) 59
TABLE 24 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST,
BY CURRENT TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION) 59
TABLE 25 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST,
BY END-USER, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION) 60
TABLE 26 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST,
BY APPLICATION, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION) 60
TABLE 27 SOUTH AMERICA: PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION) 62
TABLE 28 SOUTH AMERICA PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY TYPE,
2018-2032 (USD MILLION) 62
TABLE 29 SOUTH AMERICA PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY CURRENT
TYPE, 2018-2032 (USD MILLION) 62
TABLE 30 SOUTH AMERICA PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY END-USER,
2018-2032 (USD MILLION) 63
TABLE 31 SOUTH AMERICA PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SIZE ESTIMATES & FORECAST, BY APPLICATION,
2018-2032 (USD MILLION) 63
TABLE 32 MAJOR PLAYERS IN THE GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET 66
TABLE 33 THE MOST ACTIVE PLAYERS IN THE GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET 67
TABLE 34 CONTRACTS AND AGREEMENTS 67
TABLE 35 PRODUCT LAUNCH/PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT/APPROVAL 68
TABLE 36 ECOFLOW UK: PRODUCTS OFFERED 69
TABLE 37 ECOFLOW UK: KEY DEVELOPMENTS 70
TABLE 38 POWER SONIC CORPORATION: PRODUCTS OFFERED 71
TABLE 39 BLINK CHARGING CO.: PRODUCTS OFFERED 74
TABLE 40 BLINK CHARGING CO.: KEY DEVELOPMENTS 75
TABLE 41 HELIOX ENERGY: PRODUCTS OFFERED 76
TABLE 42 HELIOX ENERGY: KEY DEVELOPMENTS 76
TABLE 43 SHENZHEN SETEC POWER CO: PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 78
TABLE 44 GUANGZHOU ELECTWAY TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD: PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 80
TABLE 45 JTM POWER LIMITED: PRODUCTS OFFERED 82
TABLE 46 ZIPCHARGE LIMITED: PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 83
TABLE 47 ZIPCHARGE LIMITED: KEY DEVELOPMENTS 83
TABLE 48 EVTEQ MOBILITY PRIVATE LIMITED: PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 84
TABLE 49 SPARKCHARGE: PRODUCTS OFFERED 85
TABLE 50 SPARKCHARGE: KEY DEVELOPMENTS 85
TABLE 51 FREEWIRE TECHNOLOGIES, INC: PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED 86
TABLE 52 EV ADEPT: PRODUCTS OFFERED 87
TABLE 53 BESEN INTERNATIONAL GROUP CO., LTD: PRODUCTS OFFERED 88
TABLE 54 SHELL PLC: PRODUCTS OFFERED 90
TABLE 55 LECTRON EV: PRODUCTS OFFERED 91
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 MARKET SYNOPSIS 14
FIGURE 2 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET ANALYSIS BY TYPE 15
FIGURE 3 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET ANALYSIS BY CURRENT TYPE 16
FIGURE 4 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET ANALYSIS BY END-USER 17
FIGURE 5 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION 18
FIGURE 6 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET ANALYSIS BY REGION 19
FIGURE 7 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET: MARKET STRUCTURE 21
FIGURE 8 KEY BUYING CRITERIA OF PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER 22
FIGURE 9 RESEARCH PROCESS OF MRFR 23
FIGURE 10 DRO ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET 29
FIGURE 11 DRIVERS IMPACT ANALYSIS: PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET 31
FIGURE 12 RESTRAINTS IMPACT ANALYSIS: PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET 32
FIGURE 13 SUPPLY / VALUE CHAIN: GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET 35
FIGURE 15 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2021 (% SHARE) 39
FIGURE 16 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET, BY TYPE, 2018 TO 2032 (USD MILLION) 40
FIGURE 17 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET, BY CURRENT TYPE, 2021 (% SHARE) 41
FIGURE 18 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET, BY CURRENT TYPE, 2018 TO 2032 (USD MILLION) 42
FIGURE 19 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET, BY END-USER, 2021 (% SHARE) 43
FIGURE 20 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET, BY END-USER, 2018 TO 2032 (USD MILLION) 44
FIGURE 21 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2021 (% SHARE) 45
FIGURE 22 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018 TO 2032 (USD MILLION) 46
FIGURE 23 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET, BY REGION, 2021 TO 2032 (USD MILLION) 47
FIGURE 24 GLOBAL PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET, BY REGION, 2021 (% SHARE) 48
FIGURE 25 NORTH AMERICA: PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SHARE, BY COUNTRY, 2021 (% SHARE) 49
FIGURE 26 EUROPE: PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SHARE, BY COUNTRY, 2021 (% SHARE) 52
FIGURE 27 ASIA PACIFIC: PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SHARE, BY COUNTRY, 2021 (% SHARE) 55
FIGURE 28 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SHARE, BY COUNTRY, 2021 (% SHARE) 58
FIGURE 29 SOUTH AMERICA: PORTABLE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER MARKET SHARE, BY COUNTRY, 2021 (% SHARE) 61
FIGURE 30 BENCHMARKING OF MAJOR COMPETITORS 65
FIGURE 31 ECOFLOW UK: SWOT ANALYSIS 70
FIGURE 32 POWER SONIC CORPORATION: SWOT ANALYSIS 72
FIGURE 33 BLINK CHARGING CO.: FINANCIAL OVERVIEW SNAPSHOT 74
FIGURE 34 BLINK CHARGING CO.: SWOT ANALYSIS 75
FIGURE 35 HELIOX ENERGY: SWOT ANALYSIS 77
FIGURE 36 SHENZHEN SETEC POWER CO., LTD.: SWOT ANALYSIS 79
FIGURE 37 GUANGZHOU ELECTWAY TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD: SWOT ANALYSIS 81
FIGURE 38 SHELL PLC: FINANCIAL OVERVIEW SNAPSHOT 90
