• Cat-intel
  • MedIntelliX
  • Resources
  • About Us
  • Hero Background
    English
    Chinese
    French
    Japanese
    Korean
    German
    Spanish

    US SATCOM Market Size

    ID: MRFR/A&D/11038-HCR
    128 Pages
    Sejal Akre
    October 2025

    US SATCOM Market Research Report Information By Component (Equipment and Services), By Application (Asset Tracking/Monitoring, Airtime, Drones Connectivity, Data Backup & Recovery, Navigation & Monitoring, Tele-medicine, Broadcasting, and Others), and By Vertical (Energy & Utility, Government & Defense, Transport & Cargo, Maritime, Mining And Oil & Gas, Agriculture, Comm...

    Share:
    Download PDF ×

    We do not share your information with anyone. However, we may send you emails based on your report interest from time to time. You may contact us at any time to opt-out.

    US SATCOM Market Infographic
    $ 4,950.0
    $ 5,950.0
    $ 7,250.0

    Us Satcom Size

    US SATCOM Market Growth Projections and Opportunities

    The US SATCOM (Satellite Communication) market is heavily influenced by several key factors that drive its growth and development. One significant factor is the increasing demand for reliable and secure communication solutions across various industries, including telecommunications, government and defense, aviation, maritime, and broadcasting. SATCOM technology offers a robust and resilient means of communication, enabling seamless connectivity and data transmission over vast distances, regardless of geographical barriers or terrestrial infrastructure limitations. As organizations increasingly rely on high-speed, low-latency communication networks to support their operations and services, there is a growing demand for SATCOM solutions that can provide reliable connectivity and support a wide range of applications. Moreover, technological advancements play a crucial role in shaping the US SATCOM market. The ongoing development of satellite technology, including the deployment of high-throughput satellites (HTS), small satellites (SmallSats), and low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations, enables SATCOM providers to offer enhanced performance, capacity, and coverage for their customers. These technological advancements drive market growth by expanding the capabilities and scalability of SATCOM networks, enabling providers to deliver higher bandwidth, lower latency, and more reliable communication services to their customers across various industries and applications. Furthermore, increasing government investment in space exploration and national security initiatives drives market growth for US SATCOM solutions. The US government plays a significant role in shaping the SATCOM market through its investment in satellite infrastructure, research and development, and defense programs. Government agencies and military organizations rely on SATCOM technology for secure and resilient communication capabilities to support mission-critical operations, command and control systems, intelligence gathering, and situational awareness. As a result, there is a growing demand for SATCOM solutions that can meet the stringent requirements and security standards of government and defense customers, driving market growth and innovation in the US SATCOM sector. Additionally, the growing demand for broadband connectivity in remote and underserved areas contributes to market growth for US SATCOM solutions. SATCOM technology offers a cost-effective and scalable solution for delivering high-speed internet access to rural communities, remote regions, and areas lacking terrestrial infrastructure. Satellite broadband services enable residents, businesses, and governments in these areas to access essential services such as telemedicine, distance learning, e-commerce, and government services, driving market demand for SATCOM solutions that can provide reliable and affordable connectivity to underserved populations. Moreover, the increasing adoption of connected devices, IoT (Internet of Things) applications, and M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communications drives market growth for US SATCOM solutions. As the number of connected devices and IoT applications continues to proliferate across various industries, there is a growing need for robust and reliable communication networks to support data transmission, remote monitoring, and control capabilities. SATCOM technology offers a scalable and secure solution for connecting IoT devices, sensors, and M2M applications, enabling organizations to collect and analyze data in real-time, optimize operations, and improve efficiency, driving market demand for SATCOM solutions that can support the growing IoT ecosystem. Furthermore, the increasing demand for mobility and connectivity in the aviation and maritime sectors drives market growth for US SATCOM solutions. Airlines, commercial shipping companies, and maritime operators rely on SATCOM technology to provide passengers and crew with high-speed internet access, voice communication, and entertainment services while traveling over land, sea, or air. SATCOM solutions enable seamless connectivity and communication, even in remote and oceanic regions, enhancing the passenger experience, improving operational efficiency, and ensuring safety and security for travelers and crew members. As a result, there is a growing demand for SATCOM solutions that can meet the unique requirements and challenges of the aviation and maritime industries, driving market growth and innovation in the US SATCOM market.

    US SATCOM Market Size Graph

    Market Summary

    The Global SATCOM Market is projected to grow from 26.73 USD Billion in 2024 to 68.98 USD Billion by 2035, reflecting a robust growth trajectory.

    Key Market Trends & Highlights

    SATCOM Key Trends and Highlights

    • The market is expected to experience a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.84% from 2025 to 2035.
    • By 2035, the market valuation is anticipated to reach 541.32 USD Billion, indicating substantial growth opportunities.
    • in 2024, the market is valued at 26.73 USD Billion, laying a strong foundation for future expansion.
    • Growing adoption of satellite communication technology due to increasing demand for global connectivity is a major market driver.

    Market Size & Forecast

    2024 Market Size 26.73 (USD Billion)
    2035 Market Size 68.98 (USD Billion)
    CAGR (2025 - 2035) 9.00%
    Largest Regional Market Share in 2024 -)

    Major Players

    Apple Inc (US), Microsoft Corp (US), Amazon.com Inc (US), Alphabet Inc (US), Berkshire Hathaway Inc (US), Tesla Inc (US), Meta Platforms Inc (US), Johnson & Johnson (US), Visa Inc (US), Procter & Gamble Co (US)

    Market Trends

    Growing internet connectivity around the world is driving the market growth

    The growing need for high-speed internet connectivity in rural and underdeveloped areas is one notable development. As the need for digital connectivity in business, education, and leisure grows, satellite broadband providers are extending their offerings in an effort to close the digital gap. The use of high-throughput satellites, which provide faster and more capacity data, has expedited this development. Consequently, millions of Americans without access to traditional broadband services are starting to consider satellite-based internet as a viable option, which is expected to fuel the Market CAGR in the coming years.

    Moreover, the US SATCOM market is significantly influenced by the commercial space sector. Data transfer and satellite-based communication are becoming more and more necessary as a result of the growing private sector's involvement in space exploration, satellite production, and launch services. Advancements in small satellite technologies, such as CubeSats and microsats, are lowering the entrance hurdles for satellite deployment. This tendency is pushing innovation in satellite technology and services and creating a competitive environment in the industry.

    The SATCOM market is expanding as a result of businesses creating new satellite constellations for a range of uses, such as data analytics, telecommunications, and Earth observation. Regulation-related changes are also having an impact on the US SATCOM sector. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has been concentrating on increasing the amount of bandwidth available for satellite communications and expediting the satellite licensing procedures. The creation of new satellite systems, lower market entry costs, and increased innovation are the goals of these legislative reforms.

    The worldwide reach and competitiveness of the sector are also being impacted by international agreements and collaborations pertaining to satellite operations and spectrum allotment. Thus propelling the SATCOM market revenue.

    The Global SATCOM Market is poised for robust growth as advancements in satellite technology and increasing demand for high-speed connectivity drive innovation across various sectors.

    U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

    US SATCOM Market Market Drivers

    Market Charts

    Rising Defense Expenditure

    The Global SATCOM Market Industry benefits from escalating defense budgets worldwide, as nations prioritize secure and reliable communication systems for military operations. The increasing complexity of modern warfare necessitates advanced satellite communication capabilities, which are essential for real-time data sharing and situational awareness. Countries are investing heavily in satellite systems to enhance their defense infrastructure, contributing to the market's expansion. This trend is expected to persist, with defense spending projected to rise, thereby bolstering the Global SATCOM Market Industry. The integration of satellite technology into defense strategies underscores its critical role in national security.

    Emergence of New Applications

    The Global SATCOM Market Industry is witnessing the emergence of diverse applications, particularly in sectors such as agriculture, transportation, and disaster management. The utilization of satellite communications for precision agriculture, for instance, enables farmers to optimize crop yields through real-time data analysis. Additionally, satellite technology plays a vital role in enhancing logistics and supply chain management by providing accurate tracking and monitoring capabilities. As these applications gain traction, the market is expected to grow significantly, with projections indicating a rise to 541.32 USD Billion by 2035. This diversification of applications highlights the versatility and importance of satellite communications in various industries.

    Growing Demand for Connectivity

    The Global SATCOM Market Industry experiences a surge in demand for connectivity across various sectors, including telecommunications, defense, and maritime. As businesses and governments increasingly rely on satellite communications for reliable data transmission, the market is projected to reach 235.94 USD Billion in 2024. This growth is driven by the need for uninterrupted communication in remote areas where terrestrial networks are inadequate. The expansion of 5G networks further amplifies this demand, as satellite technology plays a crucial role in enhancing coverage and capacity. Consequently, the Global SATCOM Market Industry is poised for substantial growth as connectivity needs evolve.

    Increasing Investment in Satellite Infrastructure

    Investment in satellite infrastructure is a key driver of the Global SATCOM Market Industry, as both public and private sectors recognize the need for robust communication networks. Governments are allocating funds to develop satellite systems that support national interests, while private companies are investing in satellite constellations to provide global coverage. This trend is likely to accelerate, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.84% anticipated from 2025 to 2035. The influx of capital into satellite infrastructure not only enhances service capabilities but also fosters innovation within the industry, positioning the Global SATCOM Market Industry for sustained growth.

    Technological Advancements in Satellite Technology

    Technological innovations significantly influence the Global SATCOM Market Industry, with advancements in satellite design, manufacturing, and launch capabilities. The introduction of high-throughput satellites (HTS) enhances data transmission rates, enabling more efficient service delivery. Moreover, the development of small satellites and constellations facilitates cost-effective solutions for various applications, including Internet of Things (IoT) and remote sensing. These innovations not only improve operational efficiency but also expand the market's reach into previously underserved regions. As technology continues to evolve, the Global SATCOM Market Industry is likely to witness increased investment and growth opportunities.

    Market Segment Insights

    SATCOM Component Insights

    SATCOM Component Insights

    The US SATCOM market segmentation, based on Components, includes Equipment and Services. Services surpass equipment as the major revenue-generating segment in the US SATCOM market. The services segment is growing at a solid rate due to several causes. First and foremost, one important driver is the growing need for satellite-based communication services across a range of industries, including television, telecommunications, and remote sensing. These services are essential for supporting data-intensive applications and filling in gaps in connectivity.

    Figure 1: US SATCOM Market, by Components, 2022 & 2032 (USD Billion)

    Source Secondary Research, Primary Research, Market Research Future Database and Analyst Review

    SATCOM Application Insights

    The US SATCOM market segmentation, based on Application, includes Asset Tracking/Monitoring, Airtime, Drone connectivity, Data Backup and recovery, Navigation and monitoring, Telemedicine, Broadcasting, and Others. The broadcasting segment dominates the US SATCOM market in terms of income, far exceeding the other applications. Numerous factors contribute to this supremacy. First off, satellite communication plays a major role in the broadcasting industry's ability to distribute radio and television programming to a wide audience. Technological developments have also made it possible to access a wider variety of channels and higher-resolution content, which has raised demand for satellite broadcasting services.

    SATCOM Vertical Insights

    SATCOM Vertical Insights

    The US SATCOM market segmentation, based on vertical, includes Energy and utility, Government and defense, Transport and cargo, Maritime, Mining and Oil and gas, Agriculture, Communication Companies, corporations/Enterprises, Media and broadcasting, Events, Aviation, Environmental & Monitoring, Forestry, Consumer, Healthcare, and Others. The government & defense vertical outperforms all other verticals in terms of revenue within the US SATCOM market. Its strong position is attributed to several important aspects. Secure and reliable satellite communication is essential to the government and defense industry for military operations, national security, and emergency response.

    SATCOM is essential because continuous, encrypted communication is required in hostile and remote environments.

    SATCOM Country Insights

    SATCOM Country Insights

    The growing usage of satellite communication in military and defense applications is driving the US SATCOM market. For intelligence gathering, command and control, surveillance, and reconnaissance, the military depends on dependable and secure communication technologies. SATCOM systems are essential for national defense because they provide a way to keep in touch in difficult and remote locations. To ensure the durability and efficacy of military communications, sophisticated SATCOM technologies—such as shielded and anti-jamming capabilities—must be developed. As a result, it is anticipated that the defense industry will invest more in SATCOM.

    Get more detailed insights about US SATCOM Market Research Report – Forecast till 2034

    Regional Insights

    Key Players and Competitive Insights

    Leading market players obtain a competitive advantage through ongoing innovation, the development of satellite technologies, and the expansion of their service offerings. Market participants are undertaking strategic activities to expand their presence, with market developments including Acquisitions, mergers, and partnerships as typical tactics used to increase market share.

    Key Companies in the US SATCOM Market market include

    Industry Developments

    Future Outlook

    US SATCOM Market Future Outlook

    The SATCOM Market is projected to grow at a 9.00% CAGR from 2025 to 2035, driven by advancements in satellite technology, increasing demand for broadband connectivity, and the rise of IoT applications.

    New opportunities lie in:

    • Develop innovative satellite constellations for global broadband coverage.
    • Leverage AI for predictive maintenance in satellite operations.
    • Expand partnerships with telecom companies for integrated communication solutions.

    By 2035, the SATCOM Market is expected to achieve substantial growth, solidifying its role in global communications.

    Market Segmentation

    SATCOM Vertical Outlook

    • Energy & Utility
    • Government & Defense
    • Transport & Cargo
    • Maritime
    • Mining And Oil & Gas
    • Agriculture
    • Communication Companies
    • Corporates/Enterprises
    • Media & Broadcasting
    • Events
    • Aviation
    • Environmental & Monitoring
    • Forestry
    • Consumer
    • Healthcare
    • Others

    SATCOM Component Outlook

    • Equipment
    • Services

    SATCOM Application Outlook

    • Asset Tracking/Monitoring
    • Airtime
    • Drones Connectivity
    • Data Backup & Recovery
    • Navigation & Monitoring
    • Tele-medicine
    • Broadcasting
    • Others

    Report Scope

    Report Attribute/Metric Details
    Market Size 2024 USD 26.73 Billion
    Market Size 2025 USD 29.13329 Billion
    Market Size 2035 68.98 (Value (USD Billion))
    Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) 9.00% (2025 - 2035)
    Base Year 2024
    Market Forecast Period 2025 - 2035
    Historical Data 2019- 2023
    Market Forecast Units Value (USD Billion)
    Report Coverage Revenue Forecast, Market Competitive Landscape, Growth Factors, and Trends
    Segments Covered Component, Application, Vertical, and Region
    Key Companies Profiled  Viasat, Inc., SES S.A., Intelsat, Telesat, EchoStar Corporation, L3Harris Technologies, Inc., Thuraya Telecommunications Company, SKY Perfect JSAT Group, GILAT SATELLITE NETWORKS., Cobham Limited
    Key Market Opportunities Expansion of satellite internet services to bridge the digital divide in underserved areas
    Key Market Dynamics Regulatory changes and spectrum allocation for satellite operations Increasing adoption of SATCOM for military and defense applications

    Market Highlights

    Author

    Sejal Akre
    Senior Research Analyst

    She holds an experience of about 6+ years in market research and business consulting, working under the spectrum of information communication technology, telecommunications and semiconductor domains. aarti conceptualizes and implements a scalable business strategy and provides strategic leadership to the clients. her expertise lies in market estimation, competitive intelligence, pipeline analysis, customer assessment, etc.

    Leave a Comment

    Latest Comments

    John Doe
    john@example.com

    This is a great article! Really helped me understand the topic better.

    Posted on July 23, 2025, 10:15 AM
    Jane Smith
    jane@domain.com

    Thanks for sharing this. I’ve bookmarked it for later reference.

    Posted on July 22, 2025, 7:45 PM

    FAQs

    How much is the SATCOM market?

    The US SATCOM market size was valued at USD 22.5 Billion in 2023.

    What is the growth rate of the US SATCOM market?

    The US market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 9.00% during the forecast period, 2025-2034.

    Who are the key players in the US SATCOM market?

    The key players in the market are Viasat, Inc., SES S.A., Intelsat, Telesat, EchoStar Corporation, L3Harris Technologies, Inc., Thuraya Telecommunications Company, SKY Perfect JSAT Group, GILAT SATELLITE NETWORKS., Cobham Limited.

    Which Component led the US SATCOM market?

    The services category dominated the market in 2023.

    Which Application had the largest market share in the US SATCOM market?

    The broadcasting had the largest share in the US market in 2023.

    1. Table of Contents
    2. Executive Summary
    3. Market Introduction
      1. Definition
      2. Scope of the Study
        1. Research Objective
        2. Assumptions
        3. Limitations
    4. Research Methodology
      1. Overview
      2. Data Mining
      3. Secondary Research
      4. Primary Research
        1. Primary Interviews and Information Gathering Process
        2. Breakdown of Primary Respondents
      5. Forecasting Model
      6. Market Size Estimation
        1. Bottom-up Approach
        2. Top-Down Approach
      7. Data Triangulation
      8. Validation
    5. MARKET DYNAMICS
      1. Overview
      2. Drivers
      3. Restraints
      4. Opportunities
    6. MARKET FACTOR ANALYSIS
      1. Value Chain Analysis
      2. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
        1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
        2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
        3. Threat of New Entrants
        4. Threat of Substitutes
        5. Intensity of Rivalry
      3. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
        1. Market Impact Analysis
        2. Regional Impact
        3. Opportunity and Threat Analysis
    7. US SATCOM MARKET, BY COMPONENT
      1. Overview
      2. Equipment
      3. Services
    8. US SATCOM MARKET, BY APPLICATION
      1. Overview
      2. Asset Tracking/Monitoring
      3. Airtime
      4. Drones Connectivity
      5. Data Backup & Recovery
      6. Navigation & Monitoring
      7. Tele-medicine
      8. Broadcasting
      9. Others
    9. US SATCOM MARKET, BY VERTICAL
      1. Overview
      2. Energy & Utility
      3. Government & Defense
      4. Transport & Cargo
      5. Maritime
      6. Mining And Oil & Gas
      7. Agriculture
      8. Communication Companies
      9. Corporates/Enterprises
      10. Media & Broadcasting
      11. Events
      12. Aviation
      13. Environmental & Monitoring
      14. Forestry
      15. Consumer
      16. Healthcare
      17. Others
    10. Competitive Landscape
      1. Overview
      2. Competitive Analysis
      3. Market Share Analysis
      4. Major Growth Strategy in the US SATCOM Market,
      5. Competitive Benchmarking
      6. Leading Players in Terms of Number of Developments in the US SATCOM Market,
      7. Key developments and Growth Strategies
        1. New Product Launch/Service Deployment
        2. Merger & Acquisitions
        3. Joint Ventures
      8. Major Players Financial Matrix
        1. Sales & Operating Income, 2022
        2. Major Players R&D Expenditure. 2022
    11. COMPANY PROFILES
      1. Viasat, Inc
        1. Company Overview
        2. Financial Overview
        3. Products Offered
        4. Key Developments
        5. SWOT Analysis
        6. Key Strategies
      2. SES S.A
        1. Company Overview
        2. Financial Overview
        3. Products Offered
        4. Key Developments
        5. SWOT Analysis
        6. Key Strategies
      3. Intelsat
        1. Company Overview
        2. Financial Overview
        3. Products Offered
        4. Key Developments
        5. SWOT Analysis
        6. Key Strategies
      4. Telesat
        1. Company Overview
        2. Financial Overview
        3. Products Offered
        4. Key Developments
        5. SWOT Analysis
        6. Key Strategies
      5. EchoStar Corporation
        1. Company Overview
        2. Financial Overview
        3. Products Offered
        4. Key Developments
        5. SWOT Analysis
        6. Key Strategies
      6. L3Harris Technologies, Inc
        1. Company Overview
        2. Financial Overview
        3. Products Offered
        4. Key Developments
        5. SWOT Analysis
        6. Key Strategies
      7. Thuraya Telecommunications Company
        1. Company Overview
        2. Financial Overview
        3. Products Offered
        4. Key Developments
        5. SWOT Analysis
        6. Key Strategies
      8. SKY PERFECT JSAT GROUP
        1. Company Overview
        2. Financial Overview
        3. Products Offered
        4. Key Developments
        5. SWOT Analysis
        6. Key Strategies
      9. GILAT SATELLITE NETWORKS
        1. Company Overview
        2. Financial Overview
        3. Products Offered
        4. Key Developments
        5. SWOT Analysis
        6. Key Strategies
      10. Cobham Limited
        1. Company Overview
        2. Financial Overview
        3. Products Offered
        4. Key Developments
        5. SWOT Analysis
        6. Key Strategies
    12. APPENDIX
      1. References
      2. Related Reports
    13. List of Tables and Figures
      1. LIST OF TABLES
      2. TABLE 1 US SATCOM MARKET, SYNOPSIS, 2025-2034
      3. TABLE 2 US SATCOM MARKET, ESTIMATES & FORECAST, 2025-2034 (USD BILLION)
      4. TABLE 3 US SATCOM MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2025-2034 (USD BILLION)
      5. TABLE 4 US SATCOM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2025-2034 (USD BILLION)
      6. TABLE 5 US SATCOM MARKET, BY VERTICAL, 2025-2034 (USD BILLION) LIST OF FIGURES
      7. FIGURE 1 RESEARCH PROCESS
      8. FIGURE 2 MARKET STRUCTURE FOR THE US SATCOM MARKET
      9. FIGURE 3 MARKET DYNAMICS FOR THE US SATCOM MARKET
      10. FIGURE 4 US SATCOM MARKET, SHARE (%), BY COMPONENT, 2022
      11. FIGURE 5 US SATCOM MARKET, SHARE (%), BY APPLICATION, 2022
      12. FIGURE 6 US SATCOM MARKET, SHARE (%), BY VERTICAL, 2022
      13. FIGURE 7 US SATCOM MARKET: COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS, 2022 (%)
      14. FIGURE 8 VIASAT, INC: FINANCIAL OVERVIEW SNAPSHOT
      15. FIGURE 9 VIASAT, INC: SWOT ANALYSIS
      16. FIGURE 10 SES S.A: FINANCIAL OVERVIEW SNAPSHOT
      17. FIGURE 11 SES S.A: SWOT ANALYSIS
      18. FIGURE 12 INTELSAT: FINANCIAL OVERVIEW SNAPSHOT
      19. FIGURE 13 INTELSAT: SWOT ANALYSIS
      20. FIGURE 14 TELESAT: FINANCIAL OVERVIEW SNAPSHOT
      21. FIGURE 15 TELESAT: SWOT ANALYSIS
      22. FIGURE 16 ECHOSTAR CORPORATION.: FINANCIAL OVERVIEW SNAPSHOT
      23. FIGURE 17 ECHOSTAR CORPORATION.: SWOT ANALYSIS
      24. FIGURE 18 L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC: FINANCIAL OVERVIEW SNAPSHOT
      25. FIGURE 19 L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC: SWOT ANALYSIS
      26. FIGURE 20 THURAYA TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY: FINANCIAL OVERVIEW SNAPSHOT
      27. FIGURE 21 THURAYA TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY: SWOT ANALYSIS
      28. FIGURE 22 SKY PERFECT JSAT GROUP: FINANCIAL OVERVIEW SNAPSHOT
      29. FIGURE 23 SKY PERFECT JSAT GROUP: SWOT ANALYSIS
      30. FIGURE 24 GILAT SATELLITE NETWORKS: FINANCIAL OVERVIEW SNAPSHOT
      31. FIGURE 25 GILAT SATELLITE NETWORKS: SWOT ANALYSIS
      32. FIGURE 26 COBHAM LIMITED: FINANCIAL OVERVIEW SNAPSHOT
      33. FIGURE 27 COBHAM LIMITED: SWOT ANALYSIS

    US SATCOM Market Segmentation

    Market Segmentation Overview

    • Detailed segmentation data will be available in the full report
    • Comprehensive analysis by multiple parameters
    • Regional and country-level breakdowns
    • Market size forecasts by segment
    Infographic

    Free Sample Request

    Kindly complete the form below to receive a free sample of this Report

    Get Free Sample

    Customer Strories

    “I am very pleased with how market segments have been defined in a relevant way for my purposes (such as "Portable Freezers & refrigerators" and "last-mile"). In general the report is well structured. Thanks very much for your efforts.”

    Victoria Milne

    Founder
    Case Study
    Chemicals and Materials